"Cancer" yog qhov phem tshaj plaws "dab" hauv cov tshuaj niaj hnub.Tib neeg tau nce siab rau kev kuaj mob qog noj ntshav thiab tiv thaiv kab mob."Tumor markers," raws li cov cuab yeej tshawb nrhiav ncaj qha, tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev saib xyuas.Txawm li cas los xij, kev cia siab ib leeg rau cov cim qog ntshav siab feem ntau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev xav tsis zoo txog qhov tseeb.
Tumor Markers yog dab tsi?
Yooj yim muab tso, cov cim qog xa mus rau ntau yam proteins, carbohydrates, enzymes, thiab cov tshuaj hormones tsim hauv tib neeg lub cev.Cov cim qog nqaij hlav tuaj yeem siv los ua cov cuab yeej tshuaj ntsuam xyuas thaum ntxov ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav.Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi kho mob ntawm ib qho me me ntawm cov qog ua kom pom qhov tshwm sim yog qhov txwv.Hauv kev kho mob, ntau yam mob xws li kev kis kab mob, o, thiab cev xeeb tub tuaj yeem ua rau cov qog nqaij hlav nce ntxiv.Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ua neej nyob tsis zoo xws li haus luam yeeb, haus cawv, thiab pw tsaug zog kuj tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog nqaij hlav.Yog li ntawd, cov kws kho mob feem ntau them ntau xim rau cov qauv ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav hloov nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm es tsis yog me me fluctuations nyob rau hauv ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas.Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias tus cim qog nqaij hlav tshwj xeeb, xws li CEA lossis AFP (cov cim qog tshwj xeeb rau lub ntsws thiab lub siab mob qog noj ntshav), tau nce siab, nce mus txog ntau txhiab lossis ntau txhiab leej, nws tau lees paub thiab tshawb xyuas ntxiv.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav cancer thaum ntxov
Cov cim qog nqaij hlav tsis yog cov pov thawj tseeb rau kev kuaj mob qog noj ntshav, tab sis lawv tseem muaj qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev kuaj mob qog noj ntshav raws li qee qhov xwm txheej.Qee cov qog nqaij hlav tseem ceeb, xws li AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) rau mob qog noj ntshav.Hauv kev xyaum kho mob, kev nce siab ntawm AFP, nrog rau kev kuaj pom thiab keeb kwm ntawm kab mob siab, tuaj yeem siv los ua pov thawj rau kev kuaj mob qog noj ntshav.Ib yam li ntawd, lwm cov cim qog ntshav siab yuav qhia tau tias muaj cov qog nqaij hlav hauv tus neeg raug kuaj.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis txhais tau tias txhua qhov kev kuaj mob qog noj ntshav yuav tsum suav nrog kev kuaj qog nqaij hlav.Peb pom zooKev kuaj mob qog nqaij hlav feem ntau rau cov tib neeg muaj kev pheej hmoo siab:
- Cov tib neeg muaj hnub nyoog 40 thiab siab dua uas muaj keeb kwm haus luam yeeb hnyav (lub sijhawm haus luam yeeb ntau ntxiv los ntawm cov luam yeeb haus ib hnub> 400).
- Cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog 40 thiab siab dua uas muaj cawv los yog kab mob siab (xws li kab mob siab A, B, C, lossis cirrhosis).
- Cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog 40 thiab siab dua uas muaj tus kab mob Helicobacter pylori hauv plab lossis mob plab.
- Cov tib neeg muaj hnub nyoog 40 thiab siab dua nrog tsev neeg keeb kwm mob qog noj ntshav (ntau dua ib tus txheeb ze cov ntshav ncaj qha kuaj pom muaj tib hom mob qog noj ntshav).
Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Tumor Markers nyob rau hauv Adjuvant Cancer Treatment
Kev siv kom raug ntawm cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov cim qog nqaij hlav yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov kws kho mob kom kho lawv cov tswv yim tiv thaiv kab mob raws sij hawm thiab tswj tag nrho cov txheej txheem kho mob.Qhov tseeb, qhov kev kuaj mob qog nqaij hlav sib txawv rau txhua tus neeg mob.Qee tus neeg mob yuav muaj cov cim qog nqaij hlav ib txwm muaj, thaum lwm tus tuaj yeem muaj qib mus txog kaum lossis ntau pua txhiab.Qhov no txhais tau hais tias peb tsis muaj cov qauv txheej txheem los ntsuas lawv cov kev hloov pauv.Yog li ntawd, kev nkag siab txog qhov txawv ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav tshwj xeeb rau txhua tus neeg mob tsim lub hauv paus rau kev ntsuas qhov kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob los ntawm cov cim qog.
Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas txhim khu kev qha yuav tsum muaj ob yam ntxwv:"kev qhia tshwj xeeb"thiab"rhiab heev":
Qhov tshwj xeeb:Qhov no yog hais txog seb qhov kev hloov ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav puas haum rau tus neeg mob tus mob.
Piv txwv li, yog tias peb pom tias AFP (alpha-fetoprotein, cov cim qog tshwj xeeb rau mob qog noj ntshav) ntawm tus neeg mob uas muaj mob qog noj ntshav siab tshaj qhov qub, lawv cov qog nqaij hlav nthuav tawm "qhov tshwj xeeb."Hloov pauv, yog AFP ntawm tus neeg mob qog noj ntshav siab tshaj qhov qub, lossis yog tias tus neeg noj qab haus huv muaj qhov siab AFP, lawv qhov siab AFP tsis qhia qhov tshwj xeeb.
rhiab heev:Qhov no qhia seb cov qog cov cim ntawm tus neeg mob hloov nrog qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog.
Piv txwv li, thaum lub sij hawm soj ntsuam dynamic, yog hais tias peb soj ntsuam cov CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen, ib tug tshwj xeeb qog marker rau non-small cell ntsws cancer) ntawm tus neeg mob ntsws cancer nce los yog txo nrog rau cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv qog loj, thiab ua raws li txoj kev kho mob, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ua ntej qhov rhiab heev ntawm lawv cov qog marker.
Thaum txhim khu kev qha qog nqaij hlav (nrog rau ob qho tib si tshwj xeeb thiab rhiab heev) raug tsim, cov neeg mob thiab kws kho mob tuaj yeem ua kom ntxaws ntxaws ntawm tus neeg mob tus mob raws li cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov cim qog.Txoj hauv kev no muaj txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb rau cov kws kho mob los tsim cov phiaj xwm kho mob thiab txiav cov kev kho tus kheej.
Cov neeg mob tseem tuaj yeem siv cov kev hloov pauv hauv lawv cov qog nqaij hlav los ntsuas qhov tsis kam ntawm qee yam tshuaj thiab zam kev kis kab mob vim yog tshuaj tiv thaiv.Txawm li cas los xij,Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kev siv cov cim qog los ntsuas tus neeg mob tus mob tsuas yog ib txoj hauv kev ntxiv rau cov kws kho mob hauv lawv txoj kev tawm tsam mob qog noj ntshav thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob suav tias yog qhov hloov pauv rau tus qauv kub ntawm kev saib xyuas-kev kuaj mob (xws li CT scans. , MRI, PET-CT, thiab lwm yam).
Common Tumor Markers: Lawv yog dab tsi?
AFP (Alpha-fetoprotein):
Alpha-fetoprotein yog glycoprotein uas ib txwm tsim los ntawm embryonic qia hlwb.Cov qib siab tuaj yeem qhia tau tias muaj mob xws li mob qog noj ntshav siab.
CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigen):
Kev nce qib ntawm carcinoembryonic antigen tuaj yeem qhia txog ntau yam kab mob qog noj ntshav, suav nrog mob qog noj ntshav, mob qog nqaij hlav, mob plab, thiab mob qog noj ntshav.
CA 199 (Carbohydrate Antigen 199):
Kev nce qib ntawm carbohydrate antigen 199 feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv pancreatic cancer thiab lwm yam kab mob xws li mob qog noj ntshav, mob qog noj ntshav, thiab mob qog noj ntshav.
CA 125 (Cancer Antigen 125):
Cancer antigen 125 feem ntau yog siv los ua cov cuab yeej pabcuam kuaj mob qog noj ntshav ntawm zes qe menyuam thiab tuaj yeem pom muaj mob qog noj ntshav mis, mob qog noj ntshav, thiab mob qog noj ntshav.
TA 153 (Tumor Antigen 153):
Kev nce qib ntawm cov qog antigen 153 feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv mob qog noj ntshav thiab tuaj yeem pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam, mob qog nqaij hlav pancreatic, thiab mob qog noj ntshav.
CA 50 (Cancer Antigen 50):
Cancer antigen 50 yog cov qog nqaij hlav tsis tshwj xeeb uas feem ntau siv los ua cov cuab yeej kuaj mob rau cov qog nqaij hlav pancreatic, mob qog noj ntshav, mob plab, thiab lwm yam kab mob.
CA 242 (Carbohydrate Antigen 242):
Qhov txiaj ntsig zoo rau carbohydrate antigen 242 feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov qog nqaij hlav hauv plab.
β2-Microglobulin:
β2-microglobulin feem ntau yog siv los saib xyuas lub raum tubular muaj nuj nqi thiab tuaj yeem nce ntxiv rau cov neeg mob lub raum tsis ua haujlwm, o, lossis qog.
Serum Ferritin:
Kev txo qis ntawm cov ntshav ferritin tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej xws li ntshav ntshav, thaum nce qib tuaj yeem pom hauv cov kab mob xws li leukemia, kab mob siab, thiab qog nqaij hlav malignant.
NSE (Neuron-Specific Enolase):
Neuron-specific enolase yog ib qho protein ntau pom hauv cov neurons thiab neuroendocrine hlwb.Nws yog ib qho mob qog nqaij hlav rau cov qog nqaij hlav me me.
HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin):
Tib neeg chorionic gonadotropin yog ib yam tshuaj uas cuam tshuam nrog kev xeeb tub.Cov qib siab tuaj yeem qhia tau tias cev xeeb tub, nrog rau cov kab mob xws li mob qog noj ntshav hauv tsev menyuam, mob qog noj ntshav ntawm zes qe menyuam, thiab qog qog ntshav.
TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor):
Cov qog nqaij hlav necrosis yog koom nrog hauv kev tua cov qog hlwb, kev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.Cov qib nce ntxiv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov kab mob sib kis lossis kab mob autoimmune thiab tuaj yeem qhia tau tias muaj peev xwm qog nqaij hlav.
Post lub sij hawm: Sep-01-2023