Kev Txhais Lus Txog Kev Kho Mob CAR T-Cell

CAR-T (Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell), uas sawv cev rau chimeric antigen receptor T-cells, yog ib qho txheej txheem uas ib tus neeg cov T cell raug tsim kho sab nraud lub cev kom hloov kho, ua rau lawv muaj peev xwm paub thiab tua cov cell mob qog noj ntshav ua ntej rov muab tso rau hauv tus neeg mob lub cev, yog li ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kho cov qog nqaij hlav phem.
Qhov tseeb, CAR-T kev kho mob tsis yog tsuas yog siv rau kev kho mob qog noj ntshav xwb tab sis kuj muaj peev xwm zoo hauv cov teb ntawm cov kab mob autoimmune, cov kab mob ntev, kab mob plawv, thiab cov kab mob ntsig txog hnub nyoog.
Cov qe ntshav T, tseem hu ua T lymphocytes, yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov qe ntshav lymphocytes thiab yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lawv muaj cov haujlwm xws li tua cov qe ntshav ncaj qha, pab thiab txwv tsis pub cov qe ntshav B tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, teb rau cov antigens thiab mitogens tshwj xeeb, thiab tsim cov cytokines.
Tau kawg, tib neeg lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis yog tsuas yog T cell xwb; nws kuj suav nrog B cell, neutrophils, K cell, NK cell, thiab ntau ntxiv. Lawv ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tshem tawm cov khoom pov tseg ntawm lub cev, lees paub thiab tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab txheeb xyuas thiab tua cov kab mob txawv teb chaws thiab cov cell mob qog noj ntshav.
Vim tias cov T cell twb muaj lub luag haujlwm lees paub thiab tua cov cell mob qog noj ntshav lawm, vim li cas thiaj li yuav tsum ntxiv CAR rau hauv T cell kom tsim cov CAR-T cell los tua cov cell mob qog noj ntshav? Qhov no coj peb mus rau lub tswv yim ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob, uas yog ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm mob qog noj ntshav.
Kev kho mob CAR-T, lossis CAR-T cell therapy, suav nrog kev cais cov T cell ntawm tus neeg mob, nthuav lawv mus rau sab nraud lub cev, thiab tom qab ntawd muab cov antigen CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) uas tsim los ntawm cov neeg mob rau hauv cov T cell. Tom qab ua tiav lawm, cov haujlwm tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm T lymphocytes tau txhim kho ntau heev ua ntej rov muab tso rau hauv tus neeg mob lub cev, yog li rov qab kho cov T cell kom paub thiab tua cov cell mob qog noj ntshav. Qhov no yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev kho mob CAR-T cell.
Impact Bio txoj kev kho mob CAR-T IMPT-514 tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm FDA.
Thaum Lub Yim Hli 21, 2024, Impact Bio tshaj tawm tias FDA tau pom zoo nws daim ntawv thov IND rau IMPT-514 kev kho mob uas nws tsim. IMPT-514 yog bispecific CD19/CD20 CAR-T kev kho mob siv los kho cov kab mob lupus erythematosus (SLE). Hauv cov ntaub ntawv sim tshuaj, IMPT-514 tau pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tsim cov neeg mob uas muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob hnyav los ntawm ntau yam kab mob autoimmune, thiab nws tau ua pov thawj tias muaj peev xwm tshem tawm B-cell autologous nrog cov cytokine profile me me. Axicabtagene ciloleucel CAR-T kev kho mob rau B-cell lymphoma loj tseem qhia txog kev teb rov qab tom qab tsib xyoos. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 2, 2024, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) tau tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog cov nqi ciaj sia ntev tom qab CAR-T cell kev kho mob. Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias ntawm cov neeg mob uas tau txais kev kho mob CAR-T, tus nqi ciaj sia nyob 5-xyoo uas tsis muaj kev nce qib yog 29%, tus nqi ciaj sia nyob 5-xyoo tag nrho (OS) yog 40%, thiab tus nqi ciaj sia nyob 5-xyoo lymphoma tshwj xeeb yog 53%, nrog rau kev rov qab mob lig tsawg tsawg. Axicabtagene ciloleucel yog ib qho kev kho mob CD19 chimeric antigen receptor CAR-T cell uas tau pom zoo rau kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob B-cell lymphoma uas rov qab mob lossis tsis kho tau. Xaus Lus: Hauv qhov chaw kho mob tus qauv, cov txiaj ntsig kev kho mob ntawm axicabtagene ciloleucel CAR-T yog sib xws nrog cov txiaj ntsig tau tshaj tawm hauv kev sim tshuaj, nrog rau cov lus teb ruaj khov, ruaj khov pom ntawm lub cim 5-xyoo.
Kev kho mob CAR-T thawj zaug ua tiav hauv ntiaj teb rau cov kab mob autoimmune.

Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 4, 2024, lub vev xaib Nature tau tshaj tawm ib daim ntawv qhia txog kev tshawb fawb los ntawm pab pawg neeg Suav. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau siv CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology los tsim cov hlwb CAR-T uas tau txais kev noj qab haus huv los ntawm cov neeg pub dawb uas tsom mus rau CD19, tsim ib tiam tshiab ntawm kev kho mob CAR-T thoob ntiaj teb uas tau pab peb tus neeg mob uas muaj cov kab mob autoimmune hnyav kom ua tiav kev zam txim mus sij hawm ntev.